What is vaginal pH? Everything you need to know

Vaginal pH is a key factor in women’s intimate health. But do you know exactly what it is? Why is it so important to keep it balanced? How do I know if my intimate pH is within the optimal range?

In this article, we’ll reveal all the secrets about pH, explain its importance for your vaginal health and give you practical, effective tips on how to keep it in balance.

What is vaginal pH?

pH is a measure that indicates the acidity or alkalinity of the vaginal environment. It is measured on a scale from 0 to 14, where 0 is the most acidic and 14 the most alkaline.

A balanced vaginal pH is essential for a healthy vagina, as it acts as a natural protective barrier against infections and discomfort. A pH that is out of range can disrupt the vaginal flora, allowing harmful bacteria (when the pH is too high) or fungi (when the pH is too low) to proliferate, which can lead to infections such as thrush or bacterial vaginosis.

What is the ideal intimate pH level?

Intimate pH varies throughout a woman’s life:

Childhood: the vaginal pH is neutral (around 7)
Reproductive age: The pH becomes more acidic, ranging between 3.8 and 4.5. This acidic environment is ideal for the growth of beneficial bacteria such as lactobacilli, which protect the vagina.
Menopause: Vaginal pH tends to rise again, approaching a neutral value (7) due to falling oestrogen levels.

Therefore, a balanced vaginal pH would be one that falls within the normal ranges for each stage of life.

Factors that can alter vaginal pH

There are various factors that can influence pH:

Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy or the menopause can affect the vaginal pH.
Inadequate intimate hygiene: Excessive washing or the use of harsh products can remove beneficial bacteria and alter the pH.
Tampons: These can absorb vaginal discharge and protective bacteria.
Underwear that is too tight or not breathable enough: This promotes moisture and the growth of bacteria.
Weakened defences: A weakened immune system can make the vagina more susceptible to infections.
Menstruation: Menstrual blood has a higher (alkaline) pH, which can temporarily raise the pH.
Sexual intercourse: Semen has an alkaline pH level of between 7.1 and 8, which, together with some non-pH-neutral lubricants, could alter the vaginal pH during penetrative sex.
Medication: Antibiotics can eliminate not only harmful bacteria, but also the beneficial bacteria responsible for regulating the pH level.
Stress: This can acidify the body and, potentially, the vaginal area.

Signs of an unbalanced vaginal pH

When your pH level becomes unbalanced, you may experience some of the following symptoms:

Vaginal itching or irritation
A burning sensation when urinating
Unusual vaginal odour (often described as a ‘fishy’ smell)
Changes in the colour or texture of vaginal discharge

Remember: if you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult your gynaecologist for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Vaginal infections related to pH levels

Disrupting the pH balance affects the vagina’s natural barrier function, making us more vulnerable to vaginal infections. The most common conditions associated with an unbalanced pH level are:

Bacterial vaginosis: caused by an overgrowth of bacteria such as Gardnerella vaginalis, associated with a higher (alkaline) vaginal pH.
Vaginal thrush: An infection caused by the fungus Candida albicans, often linked to a lower (acidic) pH or a weakened immune system.

Tips for a balanced vaginal pH

To maintain a healthy pH, follow these tips:

1. Gentle intimate hygiene

Wash the intimate area with lukewarm water and a pH-neutral intimate wash specifically designed for the area, free from fragrances and irritating ingredients.
Use your hands rather than sponges or other objects.
Always wipe from front to back to prevent the spread of bacteria from the anal area to the vagina.
Avoid douching, as it removes the natural vaginal flora.

2. Suitable underwear

Choose underwear made from breathable fabrics, preferably cotton
Avoid very tight-fitting underwear
Change damp underwear immediately
Do not wear underwear to bed

3. During your period

Consider alternatives to tampons, such as menstrual cups or organic cotton pads
Change your sanitary products frequently
Wash the area frequently with lukewarm water several times a day

4. Healthy habits

Drink plenty of water
Eat foods rich in probiotics (yoghurt with live cultures) and prebiotics (fruit, vegetables, whole grains) to support the vaginal flora

5. Safe sex

Use a condom to protect yourself from sexually transmitted infections
Use water-based, pH-neutral lubricants
Wash the area with lukewarm water after having penetrative sex

6. See your gynaecologist regularly

Book regular gynaecological check-ups to detect and treat any problems early.

Maintaining a balanced pH level is essential for a healthy vagina. By following these recommendations and paying attention to changes in your body, you can maintain a balanced vaginal pH and prevent vaginal infections.

Some frequently asked questions about pH that you may find interesting

What is the difference between vaginal pH and vaginal flora? Vaginal pH is a measure of acidity, whilst vaginal flora refers to the collection of microorganisms that live in the vagina.
Can I use vinegar to balance my vaginal pH? No, using vinegar is not recommended, as it can irritate the vagina and disrupt the vaginal flora.
Is it normal to have vaginal discharge? Yes, it is normal to have vaginal discharge, but if it changes colour, smell or texture, it is important to see your gynaecologist.
How can I tell if I have bacterial vaginosis? The symptoms of bacterial vaginosis include vaginal discharge with a ‘fishy’ odour, itching and a burning sensation. It is important to see a gynaecologist for a proper diagnosis and treatment.
How can I prevent vaginal thrush? To prevent vaginal thrush, avoid tight-fitting clothing, wear cotton underwear, avoid douching and eat foods rich in probiotics.